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Raster and vector are two different types of graphics or image file formats, and they represent distinct ways of storing and displaying images. Here’s an overview of the key differences between raster and vector file formats:

Raster File Formats:

1. Representation:
   • Raster images are composed of a grid of pixels.
   • Each pixel contains information about color and is the smallest unit in the image.
2. Scalability:
   • Raster images are resolution-dependent, meaning that they can lose quality and appear pixelated when scaled up.
3. Common Formats:
   • JPEG, PNG, GIF, BMP, TIFF are common raster formats.
4. Use Cases:
   • Suitable for photographs, detailed artwork, and images with complex color gradients.
5. Editing:
   • Editing raster images can be more challenging because adjustments may affect individual pixels and lead to quality loss.
6. File Size:
   • Raster files can be large, especially at high resolutions, leading to larger file sizes.

Vector File Formats:

1. Representation:
   • Vector images are based on mathematical equations defining geometric shapes like lines, circles, and polygons.
   • They use points, lines, and curves to represent images.
2. Scalability:
   • Vector graphics are resolution-independent, so they can be scaled to any size without loss of quality.
3. Common Formats:
   • SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics), AI (Adobe Illustrator), EPS (Encapsulated PostScript) are common vector formats.
4. Use Cases:
   • Ideal for logos, icons, fonts, and illustrations where scalability is crucial.
5. Editing:
   • Vector images are easily editable since they are defined by mathematical equations. You can resize and modify them without loss of quality.
6. File Size:
   • Vector files are generally smaller than their raster counterparts because they store mathematical equations rather than pixel data.

Summary:

• Raster: Pixel-based, resolution-dependent, used for photographs and complex images, can lose quality when scaled.
• Vector: Mathematically defined shapes, resolution-independent, ideal for logos and illustrations, easily scalable without loss of quality.

In summary, the choice between raster and vector depends on the specific requirements of the project. Raster for detailed images and photographs, and vector for scalable graphics where maintaining quality at different sizes is essential.

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